Improvement in telegraphic apparatus



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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE E. Hic-Es, on CLEVELAND, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPHICAPPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 34,574, dated March fi, 18672.

To all idiom "it mag/.concerm IBe it known that I, GEORGE B. HICKS, of

Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented Anew and useful Improvements in Telegraph Apparatus; and

I do hereby declare that the followingis aiull and'complete description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part oi this specification, in which* Figure. l` is 'a top `view. Figs. 2 and 3 are .side views. Figs. 4 and 5 are end views; and

tween two similar instruments, duplicates 'oe-- in g used in their operation at remote stations.

- lhe armature of the receivingmagnet in this instrument, (see m m, Figs. l, 7, and 8,) instead of being adjusted by a spring, pulling the armature u2 from the magnet -m m, as in the instruments now in common use, has a movable local magnet, m' m', Figs'l, 7, and 8, placed behind its armature, (the armature being double, as seen at a2 a3 in Figs. 7 and 8,) this local magnet m' m', Figs. l, 2, 7, and 8,

I being adjusted close to or as near to the armature as required by means or" the screw S', Fig. 1, and S", Figs. 2 and 3. The armature being double, as above, (see u2 and a3,)allows a space, a4', Figs. 2, 3, 7,'and S, between the magnets fm. m and m' m such that the inag- .netism of one magnet cannot influence the other.

A wire from a local battery (extra local battery No. 1,) see drawings) is brought to' the post F, thence underneath the hase to the magnet m' m', thence underneath the hase again toA the post D, whence circuit is represented as completedv to the battery by the dotted line el d in Fig. l.

Wires w' w' are attached to the local-inagnet wires p p". One Oi' these is connected to the screw R', Figs. l, 7,and 8, by means of the crass pla-te T, attached to the insulating `bars 'll' T', Figs. l, 7, and 8, which plate 'E is thus insulated from the are c, Figs. l, 7, and 8.

The other wire, w', is connected from p' to the armature-lever M, Figs. 2, 3, 7, and S, underneath the base, so that when this lever M rests on the point o, Figs. 1, 7, and S, the current from the local battery No. l traverses the short circuit offered by the wires w' w', instead of passing through the coils fm.' m', Figs. 1, 7,

and 8.

A weak spring of elastic gum or coiled wire' (seen at S3 in Figs. l, 7, and 8, from which a thread winds upon the tightener S in Fio. l, and S' in Fig. 2) is attached to the armaturelever lll, and is so adjusted by turning the tightener S, Fig. l, or S', Fig. 2, that it hasa `:fery slight tension. Suppose, now, a main line to he connected to the magnet m m., the magnet m' m' being so adjusted that the armaturelever will rest On the point c', Figs. l, 7, and' 8, when the mainline is closed. ilow letthe main line be opened, the magnet m' m' will pull baci; the arinature-leyerll from the point e into contact with the point o, but the instant there is contact at o the current from the er tra local battery No. l ceases to pass through the coil of m' m', and takes theshort route furnished by the wires w' w', and the magnet m' m' instantly ceases to act. IThe spring Sy will consequently pull the armature-lever M away from o; but the instant contact at o ceases the current ot the local battery` passes through the coil of 'the magnet m' m', andthe armature-lever lil" is again pulled back to o by the magnet thus brought into action, whence it is again drawn, as before, and so on as long as the main circuit continues to be opened and closed-th at is, when the main circuit is closed the current of theV main line passes through the coil of .m m, while that from the local battery passes through the wires ofyw' w',- hut Y when the main line is broken the current'roin the local. battery passes alternately through' the coils of m' lm' and the wires w' nf', the result being-that so long as the main current remains hrolren the armatueleyer M will yihrate upon the point o with great rapidity without Contact with the point c, and through so small a space as to he imperceptible to the eye. By means of this action the tendency Of the armature-lever lll to pass from o to c is so strong when the current from the local battery is caused to taire the short route w'ow' 2 einem of a pair of coils, m" m", and an armaturelever, L,with the addition of a screw, L' ,which is insulated from the leverL by means ofthe insulating-bar L", as shown ingFigs. 4, 5, and- -9, and which strikes. the point on the spring F, Figs. 4, 5, and 9. Connection is made from the local battery No. l to the post H, thence .through the magnet n" m", and ma the arc a, the point e, and the' armature-lever tothe post C' ,whence connection is completed back to the battery. j

It will be observed that in Fig. 4 the line running to the post His marked from C, Fig.

4," (see C, Fig. 6,) although no post is visible. in the gure. This is so marked because this.

connection cannot properly be represented on two diiierentgures. The same remark applie's tothe lines drawn to the posts H',`C', and

H in Figs. 2, 3, and 5, respectively, seen also in Fig. 6.

Q and Q' represeut'buttons, which serve to make direct connection, when desired, between the postsF and'N and K and H.

. For repeaters, two instruments likethe one just described are used; Fig. 1 may represent one, and Figs. 2 and 3 give'different views of the other.

For clearness of description as to their operation, suppose the instruments are placed at Cleveland, Ohio, the. connections are as follows: The main line east connects to the post A, thence passes through the magnet m m and,

.uic thepost B to F', Fig. 3, whence circuit is completed through connection furnished by the screw and spring shown in Figs. 4 and 5, to p ost N', thence to theappropriate battery and ground. Similarly the main line West comes :to the post A', (shown in Figs. 2 and 3,) passes through the magnet m' m', thence ,ria the post B', shown in Fig. l3 only, to F, Fig. 1, whence circuitis cempleted by contact on the spring at F, Fig. 1, the wire, w and the post N, to the appropriate battery and ground X,Fig. 1. A'

wire from extra local battery No. 1 goes to K', (shown only in Fig. 2,) thence connection is made 'via the lever L', Fig. 2, and the post G', Fig. 2, to the post D, Figs. 1 and 6, whence circuit is completed through .the ma net m' on 'va the post E, Fig. 1, to the extra ocal battery No. l, Fig. 1. Similarly, a wire from E',

(shown in both Figs. 2 and 3,) is'connected with extra local battery No. 2, Fig. 3, whence a wire is carried to K, Fig. 1; from K, Fig. 1, circuit is completed ma lever L and the post G, Fig. 1, back to the battery vN o. 2, Fig. 3. Itis evident that, these connections once made, if the y sounder armature-lever L of Fig. 1 be in the'l position represented in Figa-4: and 5, there can beno circuit or current through either of themagnets m' m' m" m",-Figs. 2 and 3, for

the circuit through m',m' is broken at F, Figs.

land 5, and the circuit through m" m" is broken ture-lever in Figs. 2 and 3 may break circuit simultaneously through the magnets m m m' m', Fig. 1.

It will have been observed that reference to Figs. 2 and 3 is made as to` one instrument,

other figure the other side of the same instrument.

strument connected as described,'and the but-` tons Q and 'Q' opened, `as indicated by the dotted lines y y, Fig. 1, so that there may be no direct connection between the posts F and N andthe posts G and K, Fig. 1, and F' and N' -tor on the western line break the circuit, the local magnet m" m", Figs. 2 and 3, will pull break the local circuit through m' m'", Figs. 2 and 3. The lever .L' will be elevated from.

2, and F' in Fig. 3.) The main current through m m, Fig. l, will therefore he broken at F' andthe local circuit through m' m', Fig. 1, at

it is kpt from jarin g out of place by the slight 1, and connection being thusmaintai'ned at e,

and the main circuit through m' m'Figs. 2

Fig. 1,the armature still will not move. Hence, finally, if the western operator continues to closing of the circuits through the magnets m m and m' m', Fig. 1. Now, let the eastern operbreak the eastern circuit. Then the next instant that the Western circuit is closed there cuit through the magnet mm, Fig. 1, because itis broken east. YThe armature-lever there. -fore of the receiving-magnet, Fig. 1, will .be

net m' m',- aud the breaking contact at e, Fig. 1, will breaklthe circuit through magnet m" m", Fig. 1, the lever L willb'eraised at Kami through magnet m' m' and q n" m", Figs 2 and 3, will be broken, the former at F and the lat# ter at K, and therefore the armature 'of there /ceiving-m net on the western line-lwillbe i held still, t ecircuit throggh m m, Fl1g. 1, wilt atK,samegures. Similarlythe sounderarmasince one figure represents one side and the Operation asa repeaterzfSuppose the in-v and G' and K', Figs. 2 and 3.` Let an operathe armature-lever from the point e', and thus K' and depressed at F'. (K' is shown'in Fig.A

K'. The armature-lever hence cannot move for there is no circuit on either side of 1t,'an' l tension given to the spring attached to S, Fig.

Fig. 1, the lever L of the sounder cannot move,

and 3, is held closed at F, and the localcircuit on the arma-ture than is the action of m' m',

write, the writiu g will be repeated on the eastern line, but theinstrument on the eastern line is held quiet by the simultaneous breaking and ator wish to interrupt the western, 'he will is circuit through the magnet m' m', Fig. 1, f or it i's'closed at Fig. 2; but there is no c1r- 'drawn back upon o, Fig. 1, by .the local mag' depressed at F, and consequently the circuitv be held closed at F', Fig. 3, through m m', Fig. 1, Will be and the circuit held closed at K', Fig. 2, and the east can now Write west.

What I claim as my improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The employment ofan ad Justable magnet, m fm', as and for the purpose herein set forth. 2. The double armaturelever M, with the attached armatures a2 a3, arranged and operating as specified.

3. The employment of the local battery No. 1, in combination with the helix m m', the conducting-wires w fw', and the arranged and operating as and described.

points o and e, for the purpose 4. The employment of two points, one on each end of the sounder armature-lever L, by means of which circuit through two magnets on opposite sides of the same armaturemay be closed or broken simultaneously, and thus the armature-lever held still for the purpose described.

5. The combination of the adjustable local magnet m m with the receiving and recording` instruments, when arranged and operated as and for the purposes specified.

GEO. B. HICKS.

Witnesses:

J. BRAINERD, E. P. INGERsoLL. 

